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Kingdom of Hawaii
The Kingdom of Hawaii was established in 1795 with the unification of the independent islands of Hawaii, Oahu, Maui, Molokai, and Lānai into one government. In 1810 the whole of the archipelago was finally unified when Kauai and Niihau joined the kingdom willingly and without bloodshed or war. The Kingdom was overthrown January 17, 1893 and has since become part of the United States as the State of Hawaii. Due to numerous treaties, international law as well as US Congressional and presidential agreements, many native Hawaiians consider Hawaii to be an illegally occupied nation and support the Hawaiian sovereignty movement.
==Origins==
Before the founding of a formal, united kingdom, the islands were all ruled by independent aliʻi nui or "supreme executives". All of these rulers were believed to come from a hereditary line descended from the first Polynesian, Papa, who would become the earth mother goddess of the Hawaiian religion. Captain James Cook stumbled across the islands but was killed while attempting to kidnap the aliʻi nui of Hawaii Island in 1779. Three years later Hawaii passed to Kalaniʻōpuʻu's son, Kīwalaʻō, while religious authority was passed to the ruler's nephew, Kamehameha.
A series of battles, lasting 15 years, was led by the warrior chief who became Kamehameha the Great. The Kingdom of Hawaii was established with the help of western weapons and advisors, such as John Young and Isaac Davis. Although successful in attacking both Oahu and Maui, he failed to secure a victory in Kauai, his effort hampered by a storm and a plague that decimated his army. Eventually, Kauai's chief swore allegiance to Kamehameha. The unification ended the ancient Hawaiian society, transforming it into an independent constitutional monarchy crafted in the traditions and manner of European monarchs.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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